Nanotechnology as Career
Nanotechnology as Career
Nanotechnology – the science of the miniature, and the technology of the future – is one of the most exciting and wide area of research which may lead to the greatest technological advances of the 21st century. It is a global phenomenon and an emerging field, that finds its way into a myriad of industrial applications spanning across all areas of science and technology. A form of molecular engineering, it is the technology associated with the creation and scrutiny of minute objects, measuring between 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanotechnology can be defined as the application of science, engineering and technology to develop novel materials and devices in different fields in the nano-range.
‘Nano’ in Greek means dwarf. Nanometer (nm) is a unit of measurement used to measure very small particles like atoms and molecules. One nanometer is equal to one-billionth (10-9) of a meter. Entirely different from bulk material, nano-materials are 5,000 to 50,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair. These light but strong, transparent materials are very active and aggressive in any chemical reaction. Nano-materials can be mixed with strong or weak materials to make them thousand times stronger and more efficient. Carbon and diamond are super examples of nano-materials. The concept of Nanotechnology originated in 1959 and was founded by the American physicist Richard P Feynmam. But the term ‘Nanotechnology’ was first used in 1974 by Japanese scientist Prof. Norio Taniguchi at the Tokyo Science University. However it was introduced to the world in 1986 by K. Eric Drexler, an American Engineer and the founder of Foresight Nanotech Institute.
Nanotechnology is a unique and special branch of science that essentially combines physics, chemistry, biology, engineering etc. Sometimes known as molecular manufacturing, it deals with the design and manufacture of extremely small electronic circuits and mechanical devices built at the molecular level of matter. The application of Nanotechnology will open new avenues of research in the world of science and engineering in almost every field, from medicine to fabrics. Due to this, the relatively new field is fast emerging as the favorite of all kinds of technological arena and will be one of the most significant enabling technologies in the future.
Even though the field is popular abroad, it is quite recently that Indian industries have started realizing the commercial viability of Nanotechnology. In India, Nanotechnology is at its infancy stage and is targeted towards the main streams like electronics, healthcare markets, and other industrial products. Many scientific institutions have been doing Research and Development (R&D) in this field. The scope and application of Nanotechnology is tremendous and mind-boggling and it is one of the hottest career option available to Indian Engineering graduates. It is an apt career for those who have a scientific bent of mind and a passion for solving mysteries of the minutest molecules. Students with a science and engineering background and even mathematics with physics background can pursue Nanotechnology as a career. Candidates with M.Tech in Nanotechnology are in great demand both in India and abroad.
It is a powerful technology which aids the development of products with futuristic performance. All major sectors of life will be effected by this new area. The two major categories of Nanotechnolgy are Nanoscale technology and Molecular manufacturing. Nanoscale technology covers small structures and can be used for introducing stronger materials, better medicines, faster computers and so on. Molecular manufacturing is an attempt at building mechanical and chemical manufacturing systems that join molecules together.
The Dilemma of Nanotechnology – Science Vs. Ethics
The Dilemma of Nanotechnology – Science Vs. Ethics
What is Nanotechnology and why should I care about it?
Nanotechnology, referred to commonly as molecular manufacturing, is making huge strides within scientific and government communities. Despite its growth and the potential impact it will have on society at large, too little emphasis has been placed on the ethical considerations of nanotechnology and the ever-rippling effects of its applications.
The control of molecular matter has led to amazing breakthroughs in medical treatments, which of course is a benefit to mankind. However, the military is hard at work creating powerful weapons that are no larger than any known bacteria. In addition, molecular level surveillance techniques for surreptitiously keeping track of other organizations and individuals are changing the face of military, law enforcement and humankind in general.
Just like with human genome capability and stem cell research breakthroughs, scientists, governments and individuals need to weigh the obvious advantages of nanotechnology against the residual disadvantages. Although the power of nanotechnology is indisputable, the possibilities of irreversible harm from its indiscriminate use must also be taken into consideration.
What are the Social and Ethical Implications of Nanotechnology?
This is where social and ethical dilemmas present themselves. As life saving tools, nanotechnology is unsurpassed in its promise of an absolute revolution for medical treatment of previously incurable or untreatable conditions.
Conversely, when this technology is used to manufacture miniature weapons or explosives the infinite possibilities of far-reaching repercussions is a very real prospect. Given that researchers fear that nano-machines can become self replicating, theories abound that their by-product, known in scientific circles as “the gray-goo scenario”, could result in unheard of havoc. In addition nanotechnology has the potential to erode our privacy and freedom by providing human rights violations via monitoring and tracking devices that can invade our everyday lives without our knowledge.
For this reason the social and ethical issues relevant to nanotechnology must be addressed before its many technological innovations are unleashed upon society.
Every action has a reaction and nanotechnology is no different. Whether the anticipated power of nanotechnology ever reaches fruition, as a society we must be prepared to deal with any fallout that may arise from its inception and universal acceptance.
There is no doubt that development of nanotechnology and its many proven advantages, is going to continue, yet as a responsible society we must prepare a social policy that will address the benefits in correlation with the ethical consequences of it effect on life as we know it. Why should society be concerned with the Fallout?
When trying to incorporate nano-technological advances into society, there are a myriad of items that require intensive study, such as: issues regarding equity of disbursement, privacy rights of individuals and/or corporations, security considerations, the effect on the environment and the social and ethical impact on the human race.
As responsible humans who are concerned with passing a legacy of improvement down to upcoming generations, it is essential that we develop and create guidelines and working hypotheses that address the far reaching impact that nanotechnology can have on human lives and on the universe itself.
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What is the Importance of Nanotechnology?
By James Hewson 
Nanotechnology is significant on account of of its pre- eminence upon the comprehension, use, and control of matter at magnitudes of a minute scale, akin to approaching atomic levels, with which to manufacture new substances, instruments, and frameworks. Also known as ‘Molecular Manufacturing’, it is an emergent diversity of technologies in which medicine and engineering come together with physics and chemical science which are opening up many brand new possibilities especially within the medical arena in terms of implantable transmission methods, which are often favoured to the application of injectable medicines.
One, if not the most important, aspects of the applications of Nanotechnology is the incorporation of this science into medical programs embracing the present research into vaccine formation, wound regeneration, skin care, narcotic countermeasures and chemical and biologic detectors. The biological in addition to medicinal study areas, have utilized the unequalled properties of nanomaterials for various programs not least due to their aspiring enhanced delivery methods, such as pulmonic or epidermic systems to prevent having to pass throughout the abdomen, encapsulation for both delivery and deferred release, and ultimately the combination of detection with transmission, to ensure that medicines are delivered precisely where they are required, consequently reducing the side effects on sound tissue and cells.
The future may well include huge task forces of medical nanorobots tinier than a cell drifting through our bodies removing bacteria, cleaning blocked arteries, and undoing the damage of old age. This type of emerging important science would permit medical personnel to analyze if someone has suffered a heart attack quicker than is currently possible with existing checks on blood proteins. Contemplate a medical device that journeys through the body to search for and eliminate small groups of cancerous cells in advance of their spread. The leading light of nanotechnology, Dr K Eric Drexler, even asserts that nanorobots will be produced that are capable of self replicating in much the same method as cells currently do in our bodies.
Nanotechnology pulls theories and conceptions from disciplines not only comprising engineering and physics but also chemistry, biology, mathematics and computer science. Moreover, it is being proclaimed as the next big technological revolution.
As discussed earlier, its use is very varied, ranging from novel additions of traditional device physics, to entirely new approaches founded upon molecular self assembly, to improving new substances with dimensions on the nanoscale, even to supposition around whether we can directly manipulate matter on the atomic scale.
While the evolvement of nanotechnology has the potential to take several decades, and the early developers are likely to be sizeable institutions with great wealth that can produce considerable advancement efforts, in the long term nanotechnology is going to be attainable to a larger variety of people. At this moment in time, now that the feasibleness of nanotechnology is extensively acknowledged, we enter the latest stage of the national debate regarding what programs should we take up to best deal with it. Raised energy proficiency, cleaner surroundings, further productive medical treatment and enhanced fabrication construction are only some of the possible advantages of nanotechnology.
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